“My curiosity to explore unknown places and satisfy my desire for adventure drives me on a daily basis, but I also recognize my responsibility to engage the next generation in climate pursuits and make the ocean more of an accessible space to young people who want to get involved.”

Not many people can say exploring the underwater world is a natural thing for them nor can they boast about a family history of aquanauts that spans across decades. For Fabien Cousteau, a professional aquanaut, ocean conservationist, and documentary filmmaker, he can say just that.

As the first grandson of Jacques Cousteau, the famed oceanographic explorer, Fabien spent his early years aboard his grandfather’s ships Calypso and Alcyone, and learned how to scuba dive on his fourth birthday.

From 2000 to 2002, he was Explorer-at-Large for National Geographic and collaborated on a television special aimed at changing public attitudes about sharks called “Attack of the Mystery Shark”. From 2003 to 2006, he produced the documentary “Mind of a Demon” that aired on CBS.

From 2006–2010, Fabien was part of a multi-hour series for PBS called “Ocean Adventures” with his father, Jean-Michel Cousteau, and sister, Céline, which was inspired by his grandfather’s 1978 PBS series, “Ocean Adventures”.

In early 2009, Fabien began working with local communities and children worldwide to help restore local water ecosystems. He continues to pursue these initiatives through the ‘Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Centre’, his non-profit which he founded in early 2016. The NGO is dedicated to the restoration of the world’s water bodies through active community engagement and education.

Through an interview with Fabien, we took a plunge into the underwater world, got insights into his latest endeavours and listened to his story growing up among the greats of the earliest modern ocean explorers.

EARLY LIFE

Tell us more about your family background and share with us on what it was like growing up.

I was lucky to get to spend a significant amount of time with members of my family growing up, who ignited my passion for the ocean and environment, including my grandfather, father, and sister.

At an early age, my relationship with my grandfather in particular was similar to that of any other close family members. He was a source of inspiration and supported me in all of my interests, but it wasn’t until later on that I fully grasped the impact of what he was able to accomplish as a filmmaker, scientist, and explorer.

From that point on, my curiosity to explore the ocean grew and became one of the primary factors driving me forward.

How did your upbringing shape the person you are today?

I learned to scuba dive on my 4th birthday and spent considerable time with my sister on our grandfather’s research boats, the ‘Calypso’ and ‘Alcyone’. I grew up hearing tales of the underwater habitats that my family created, including ‘Conshelf 2’, which was essentially an entire underwater village.

It always fascinated me, and was clear from an early age that my life’s work would take a similar form. As my grandfather and father have also been involved in various media and filmmaking pursuits throughout their lives, I discovered my passion for that medium and have similarly strove to capture many of my expeditions and share them with the world however possible.

How would you sum up your childhood?

My childhood would probably have been considered unorthodox to many people. I was introduced to complex topics early on, and was also able to spend many of my early years travelling to different places, becoming exposed to a lot of adventure.

This ignited my curiosity, as I always preferred to be on field trips, experiencing things in person, as opposed to learning exclusively in the classroom.

JOURNEY

How and why did you choose to become an aquanaut, ocean conservationist, and documentary filmmaker respectively?

I fell in love with the ocean because I had amazing teachers in my family. I recognized the need to conserve the beautiful marine life and underwater ecosystems I’d seen from the time that I was young. I felt a calling to contribute in the way that we all have a responsibility to protect the forces that sustain our life on this planet.
As for documentary filmmaking, I have a strong interest in sharing my discoveries with as many people in the general population as possible, to show that environmentalism can and should be for everyone.

The more people we can get to be involved, the less it falls on any one of us individually and becomes a collective effort. When I was completing ‘Mission 31’ in the underwater habitat Aquarius, we were lucky enough to be able to broadcast every moment to hundreds of thousands of students in all six continents.

As much as I’m passionate about the ocean, I’m also interested in creating outward facing platforms for people to learn alongside me.

What were some hard decisions you had to make and challenges faced along the way?

One of my biggest challenges has been picking up where a pioneer left off and knowing there’s always a risk of being compared to my grandfather. That’s something that is just a reality and always a challenge, but my passion outweighs the difficulty.

There’s always risks involved in every expedition, but the more experience you have in a field, the more you can mitigate some of the challenges that come along with it. I’m confident that all of my past ventures have prepared me well for all of the expeditions and challenges I’ll take on in the future.

Share with us some experiences or memories that you think are significant to your journey so far.

In recent history, Mission 31 is one of my most significant memories. For this project, I embarked with a team of six aquanauts to the underwater habitat Aquarius off the coast of Key Largo, Florida. We stayed for 31 days in order to pay tribute to my grandfather, whose previous record was 30.

It was incredible to be experiencing the world from this vantage point. I was immersed in the ecosystem and did not have to come up after a few hours – like you do when you’re scuba diving. I also really valued the opportunity that I could share with the world, particularly students who were interested in learning about my particular area of expertise.

I was also able to partner with Aquatica Submarines on an expedition to the bottom of the great Belize Blue Hole. We piloted multiple manned submarines to collect scientific data, focusing on creating a complete sonar scan in order to promote ocean conservation and awareness.

It’s incredible to be one of the first and only people to explore these areas, and it gives me a great sense of responsibility to share my findings with the rest of the world.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Which achievements/milestones are you most proud of and why?

Mind of a Demon is an achievement that I’m very proud of. For this project, we built a shark-shaped submarine. That project took me three years to finish and we ended up on primetime CBS, which was the first time an ocean documentary ended up on network television in roughly 25 years. We got the second highest rating in that prime spot, so that was a huge achievement I’m very proud of.
Going back to the Amazon rainforest 25 years later with my father and sister, where we spent 11 months comparing what’s changed over 25 years, was also very significant. I’ll also be very excited to add PROTEUS to my list of milestones in the next few years.

What do you think are the key ingredients to your success?

The key ingredients to my success are perseverance, always keeping a metaphorical compass in my pocket, ignoring the word impossible, and surrounding myself with amazing, talented people.

What lies ahead in terms of your goals and ambitions?

PROTEUS is just the first in a series of underwater structures in the course of that project. Beyond that, what’s core to my mission is to keep going out there and satisfying my curiosity.

Connecting people with the ocean will always be one of my main priorities, so I’d love to continue accomplishing that through any type of media series that allows me to share my discoveries. In years to come, I hope to still be inviting people around the world along, virtually speaking, on my adventures.

PERSONAL (LIFE)

To you, what are the most important things in life?

Beyond the people in my family and other close individuals who I tend to keep private, the most important things in my life are passing my passion for the ocean on to the world (especially the next generation), never losing my will to explore, and sharing my biggest milestones with those who are closest to me.

What’s worth mentioning on your life’s bucket list that you have not done?

Executing project Proteus and using it to make headway in critical scientific research is probably the primary item on my bucket list, but it doesn’t end there.

If everything goes according to plan, there will be several additional habitats that we’ll install elsewhere, hopefully benefiting communities and giving them a stronger sense of the environmental circumstances that they’re facing.

Beyond that, I’d love to continue documenting my exploits through any sort of media series or project that allows me to spread the word and share what I’m doing with the world.

Why do you do what you do? (What drives you everyday)

My curiosity to explore unknown places and satisfy my desire for adventure drives me on a daily basis. But I also recognize my responsibility to engage the next generation in climate pursuits and make the ocean more of an accessible space to young people who want to get involved.

I wouldn’t have been able to pursue so many of the dreams I accomplished without those before me who paved the way, so it’s up to me to pass the excitement on.

Who are the role models and influences in your life?

I’m obviously very inspired by the people who came before me and gave me the tools to pursue this type of work, specifically those in my family.

I’m also inspired on a daily basis by the members of my team who support my efforts, those at the Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Centre, Proteus Ocean Group, as well as all of the aquanauts and ocean explorers who have been a big part of my expeditions.

What are some things that many people don’t know about you?

Something that might be surprising to people is that I had a hard time in school growing up because I was diagnosed with mild dyslexia. At first they thought it was a learning disability, but I see it more from a different perspective.

In general, I feel a little bit different than most people because of my exposure to the ocean and the way I’ve gotten to see the world from a different lens, which maybe distracts me from the day to day mundanities.

It’s also part of the reason why it’s so important for me to try to share the perspective I’ve grown up with in regards to our species on this planet.

What kind of legacy do you hope to leave behind?

I hope to inspire people to seek out answers to questions that may initially seem impossible. I’d also like to make massive concepts like the ocean feel a bit more accessible to the general public and demonstrate that things that often appear distant are actually a lot closer and more impactful than we realise.

Ultimately, I want to make people see that, without a healthy ocean, our lives won’t be able to continue the way we’ve come to expect, so it’s up to every one of us to commit to educating ourselves and contributing to the fight in some way.

What are some life lessons you will take to your grave?

One of the most important lessons I’ve learned over the past several years is that it’s important to take on projects and challenges with brilliant people who have the same goals and values as I do.

Surrounding yourself with people who possess a variety of different skills means that you’re constantly learning, and you’re gaining multiple perspectives that you would lack if you tried to tackle everything yourself.

I’ve also greatly benefited from learning to push myself past boundaries that have been set by others and not let what’s been accomplished before stop me from pursuing something of my own.

VIEWPOINTS

What does it feel like to walk in the footsteps of your famous grandfather, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and how do you hope his legacy can be carried on?

I was incredibly lucky to have a grandfather who supported and inspired me the way that all mentors hopefully can for the young people in their lives.

He’s largely responsible for my life taking the trajectory that it did, as I grew up hearing about all of his exploits and accomplishments. However, it can also be intimidating to feel like you have to follow a figure of that magnitude and pick up where he left off.

In addition to continuing his work as an ocean conservationist, I hope to share everything we’re working towards with the world and get as many people involved as possible.

You founded the ‘Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center’ back in 2016 with a goal to protect and preserve our planet’s waters, coastal areas, and marine habitats. Why do you think this is important and how do you think more people can contribute to this goal?

It starts with something I always emphasize, which is “no ocean, no life.” Going from there, that mantra extends to “no healthy ocean, no healthy future.”

The only reason we exist as a species is because we are living on a very unique oasis in space. It’s our life support system for many reasons. It provides every breath that we take. It allows us to have weather patterns that are conducive to farming, sustaining life, and making food for ourselves.

It provides us with all of the things we love, cherish, and depend on. Therefore it becomes imperative that each of us connect with the ocean in a way that helps us understand that it’s our life support system. We must treat it like we treat ourselves.

We are seeing the repercussions of our abuse and our inaction. And if we are to imagine a future for our children where they enjoy what we’ve taken for granted, then we must care about the ocean and protect it.

From 2000 to 2002, you were an ‘Explorer-at-Large’ for National Geographic and collaborated on a television special aimed at changing public attitudes about sharks called “Attack of the Mystery Shark”. Are there still common misconceptions today, what are they, why do you think this is the case and how can these challenges be overcome?

I think the misconceptions about sharks are part fantasy, part legend, part fear and part ignorance of facts. This is because we subconsciously love to be scared, to have the image of a villain and us being the heroes.

The reality is that we have, at this juncture in history, eliminated virtually all threats to humankind except for ourselves. We are now our own worst enemy. Sharks, to their very core, are essential for a healthy ecosystem in the ocean.

They’ve been around for over 400 million years but because of our hatred, ignorance, and fear, we have dwindled them down to less than 10% of their original numbers, which is extremely dangerous.

Like any ecosystem, you need the garbage cleaners. You need the foragers. You need the web of life to be balanced, and sharks are an integral part of that. We have to remember that the ocean is their home, not ours. That’s something we forget way too often.

The other aspect of it is that, because of the human global population exploding, there’s a huge pressure on sharks as a food source. This is a problem because we’re annihilating the species, which are very valuable for the ecosystem and tourism. They’re also the kind of animals that accrue all of the toxic chemicals that we dump in the ocean, so they’re extremely toxic to eat.

At the end of the day, whether we like sharks or not, they must be a part of the ecosystem in healthy numbers if we’re to have a healthy ocean. It’s difficult because many cultural practices involve sharks, but sometimes it’s worth re-evaluating certain customs.

Most of the information we know about sharks is pretty topical and surface level. Modern science knows a lot more about sharks than we did even ten years ago, but there’s over 400 species of sharks. Many of them are rare and difficult to study, so we all have so much more to learn from them. We discover new species every few years.

The post A Legacy Deep Beneath The Surface – Fabien Cousteau appeared first on My Story Lounge.

“Our universe is full of wonder, and we are not around very long as measured on a cosmic time scale. So we’d better make sure we achieve what we can and appreciate life to the fullest.”

As a well-respected quantum physicist and ‘public scientist’ who regularly goes on television to promote science, Jim Al-Khalili remains humble about his popularity and achievements.

On the professional side, Jim is a professor of physics at the University of Surrey, where he also holds a chair in the Public Engagement in Science. In 1994, Al-Khalili was awarded an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Advanced Research Fellowship for five years, during which time he established himself as a leading expert on mathematical models of exotic atomic nuclei. He has published widely in his field.

Some of his other accolades include being appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to science and public engagement in STEM in 2021. In 2013 he was awarded an Honorary Degree (DSc) from the University of London. Al-Khalili was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2018

On the public side, Jim is a prominent author and broadcaster who has written 14 books on popular science and the history of science, translated into twenty-six languages. He has also presented numerous TV documentaries and radio programmes, mostly for the BBC.

In an interview with us, Jim opened up about his journey immigrating from Iraq to the UK and how he fell in love with physics, delving into the topic he became so passionate about sharing with everyone outside of the scientific community.

EARLY LIFE

Tell us more about your family background and share with us on what it was like growing up.

My father came to the UK as a young Iraqi student to study engineering where he met my English mother, a librarian. She fell for the ‘nice, dark, foreign man with the kind eyes.’ They dated, married and moved to Iraq – a place that my mother always referred to as ‘the start of her great adventure’.

Although my parents initially settled down in Baghdad, we moved around quite a lot, depending on where my father was based as an electrical engineer in the Iraqi air force. I was born in Baghdad in 1962, the eldest of four siblings. It was a very pleasant and idyllic childhood really, and I have so many fond memories.

We spoke English at home and my mother taught me to read and write. By the time I started kindergarten we had moved north of Mosul. That is where I learnt to speak Arabic with the friends I made there. From then on, all my schooling until the age of 16 was in Arabic.

By the late 70s, my parents knew that life in Iraq was going to get tougher with Saddam Hussain ready to take over power, especially for a Shia Muslim man like my father, married to a Christian British woman. So, we left in July 1979 for Britain to start a new life. This was quite natural for me and my siblings since we had visited England on many occasions throughout our lives to stay with my maternal grandparents.

On the whole, I just feel lucky. My life could have turned out very differently. For instance, if we had delayed leaving Iraq by just six months we would not have been allowed to leave and I would have been conscripted to fight in that awful and senseless war with Iran, in which many of my school friends I left behind lost their lives to.

How did your upbringing shape the person you are today?

Growing up in a loving household meant that I learnt two cultures. Despite having a Muslim father and Christian mother, I never felt conflicted or pulled in different directions. I learnt that ‘Allah;’ was just Arabic for God. However, I suspected my curious mind and, later, my scientific training, had me questioning the nature of reality and the existence of a supernatural creator.

I turned away from religion in my late teens. But my parents had instilled in me values such as honesty, compassion and morality that really had nothing to do with their faiths. These are traits I hope my wife and I have instilled in our children.

How would you sum up your childhood?

Happy, loving, carefree. Life in Iraq in the 60s and 70s were lightyears away from the troubles the country has endured since I left it. I was bright at school and all subjects came easily to me. My mother had studied art and music at college and she instilled in me a love of those subjects. They became hobbies I pursued at home, such as painting and playing the piano. I even made my own guitar from scratch.

I was obsessed with football of course, as were all my friends, and from about the age of twelve, I also developed an interest in music and girls.

So, I was pretty normal I would say. I didn’t fall in love with physics until my mid-teens, but when I did, I knew that was what I wanted to pursue for the rest of my life: to try to understand the workings of the universe. Even today, nearly half a century later, I still enjoy sport and music, but they get squeezed out by my continuing obsession with science.

JOURNEY

What got you interested in science and more specifically nuclear physics, quantum mechanics and quantum biology in the beginning?

I fell in love with physics thanks to an inspiring teacher (isn’t that always the way?). I remember performing well in a class test at the age of fourteen and realising that I was better at that subject than all my peers. Figuring out physics problems just came naturally to me. I preferred physics far more than chemistry and biology, both of which involved memorising names and concepts.

After all, for me physics was just a mixture of puzzle solving and common sense. I also realised it was the subject I had to study if I wanted answers to the big questions, such as – what are stars made of? Does space go on forever? What are the smallest particles made of? What is time?

I studied physics at the University of Surrey in England (in fact where I still work today) and initially had no plans for what I wanted to do after graduation. But by my final year, I knew my passion was to become an academic researcher. I didn’t choose nuclear physics as my PhD area; it chose me. One of my professors, who presumably saw something in me, offered me the chance to work with him in a field called nuclear reaction theory – a highly mathematical area involving solving the equations of quantum mechanics and writing computer codes to study the nature of atomic nuclei and how they react with each other.

But it was quantum mechanics itself – the weird and beautiful theory that describes the microscopic world, that has been my lifelong passion. So, in recent years I have moved away from studying atomic nuclei to applying quantum mechanics in other areas, such as inside living cells, hence the new field of ‘quantum biology’.

What were some hard decisions you had to make and challenges you faced along the way?

To be honest, I have not had to make many hard decisions. I look back over my life and career and realise I made some smart choices, but at the time I guess things just happened. Maybe I was subconsciously working out what paths to take, but I never felt particularly torn between choices, nor can I say that I have any regrets about the way things have turned out.

I have a successful career which I absolutely love, a loving wife to whom I have been married for 35 years and a wonderful son and daughter who now lead their own happy and fulfilling lives.

What are some memorable moments or anecdotes you could share with us while you were on this journey?

There have been many memorable moments in my career, but I feel those associated with my physics research are not likely to mean very much to the wider public. More interesting might be some of the highlights of my life as a science communicator. Making my TV documentaries, for example, have allowed me to travel around the world and visit locations I would never have had the chance to otherwise.

For instance, in 2009 – I made a three-part documentary on the history of science in the mediaeval Islamic world, which took me and my crew to a number of exotic locations to do filming.

One memorable trip was to Northern Iran to find the archaeological remains of a 12th century observatory high in a mountain fortress called Alamut. Not only was the science story I was telling so fascinating, but the trip itself was a great adventure.

A particular highlight from my science communication career was winning the inaugural Stephen Hawking medal, given to me by Hawking himself at a ceremony in Tenerife. He had watched a number of my documentaries and said I had explained quantum mechanics more clearly than he had ever heard. I was extremely flattered of course.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Which achievements/milestones are you most proud of and why?

I am not saying this because I feel I should, but by far my greatest achievement is playing my part in bringing up our two children and watching them grow into decent and happy human beings. So, obviously the days on which they were born are my most memorable.

But in terms of career milestones and achievements, I think it’s fair to say that being elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and signing the same Fellows’ book as Isaac Newton, is at the top of the pile. Being acknowledged in this way is every scientist’s dream.

What do you think are the key ingredients to your success?

Well, it certainly isn’t because I’m a genius – I know many people who are smarter than me. But personality plays a role too, or more correctly, emotional intelligence. I am able not only to grasp and understand difficult concepts in physics myself, but I can put them in a way that others without my training can also appreciate and understand.

So, in a sense, I would say the key ingredients of my success have been serendipity (at certain moments in my life), curiosity (the obsession to want to understand) and empathy (with an audience when trying to convey the wonders of the universe).

I should also add that a major ingredient in my success has been having a wonderfully supportive wife, Julie, who has encouraged me and been there for me throughout my career.

What lies ahead in terms of your goals and ambitions?

Having spent a big fraction of my time over the past two decades communicating science, either through my TV documentaries, radio and podcast work or my popular science books, I have never forgotten the ‘day job’: that I am first and foremost a research physicist.

I have recently started to get back to my research work in a serious way and I am loving it. I am the lead scientist on a multi-million-dollar research project to explore the nature of time in the quantum world.

This is going to take up much of my energy and I am hugely excited to be working with an international team of physicists, chemists, mathematicians, biologists and philosophers.

So, it’s very interdisciplinary and addresses some fundamental questions in science. But I won’t give up on writing and broadcasting either. I just want to do it all.

Jim Al-Khalili at TEDGlobal London – June 16, 2015, Faraday Lecture Hall, Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, England. Photo: James Duncan Davidson/TED

PERSONAL (LIFE)

What is your life motto (Or core values) if any?

As a humanist, I want to show empathy, compassion and kindness, not because a holy book tells me to, but because it defines my humanity. As a scientist I would say that my core values are to always exhibit honesty and integrity; and where there are conflicting views, as is often the case in science, to be able to disagree with others without being disagreeable.

In everyday life, I can boil my motto down to just two words: Be nice.

To you, what are the most important things in life?

It is to be able to see the other person’s point of view, to examine my own biases before I judge others, and finally to try and live happily and without stress. Our universe is full of wonder, and we are not around very long as measured on a cosmic time scale. So we’d better make sure we achieve what we can and appreciate life to the full.

What’s worth mentioning on your life’s bucket list that you have not done?

Well, it’s certainly not the usual stuff like climbing Mount Everest or skydiving or bungee jumping, nor trying psychedelic drugs, or going to space.

For me it is much less ambitious – I want to get better at playing the guitar, and maybe to have a physics equation that I have discovered named after me.

Why do you do what you do? (What drives you everyday)

Both an obsession with and sheer curiosity about the workings of the Universe and my place in it.

Who are the role models and influences in your life?

There are many people I admire, both in my field of science, from mentors such as my PhD supervisor Ron Johnson and the head of my department at Surrey, Bill Gelletly, who encouraged me to first dip my toe into the world of science communication, to heroes and inspirational figures from the worlds of art, politics and literature.

Ultimately, I would say that my wife, Julie, has had the most influence on how I have developed as a person and I feel, made me a better all-round human being.

What kind of legacy do you hope to leave behind?

I’d like to think that I would have inspired many people to take up science and to appreciate the wonders of nature, as well as to develop a rational, enlightened view of the world.

What are some life lessons you will take to your grave?

As a scientist, knowing that the laws of the Universe are logical and comprehensible. As a member of society, it is important to have empathy and compassion for my fellow humans and not to judge others too harshly before I have examined my own prejudices.

VIEWPOINTS

You can be seen as a ‘public scientist’ who has written numerous books as well as presenting numerous TV documentaries and radio programmes over the years. Why do you think that it is important for the public to be up-to-date on the latest happenings in the scientific community, especially in relation to physics?

A few years ago, I would have cited a couple of reasons for this. The first is the obvious one: that I hope to inspire the next generation of scientists and instil in them a curiosity and fascination with the world around them.

The second is that I feel it is important to imbed science into popular culture so that the wider public feel just as comfortable discussing scientific concepts as they are talking about politics, sport, art, music and literature. To some extent this is happening now, at least in some sectors of society.

However, since the pandemic started in 2020, I have realised that there is potentially an even more important motivation, which is to ensure that we have a scientifically literate society in which people are able to make informed decisions about all sorts of issues that come up in daily life, from understanding public health advice about Covid-19 to how to play a role in tackling climate change.

This requires an understanding of how the process of science works, from acknowledging uncertainty to the willingness to change one’s mind in the light of new data and evidence.

Ultimately however, I love being able to inspire and fascinate the public by instilling in them the same sense of awe and wonder about the universe that I feel.

What kind of innovation do you see in nuclear physics, quantum mechanics and quantum biology at the moment and where do you see new applications in the world in the next 3 to 5 years?

I think the next big advances in science are going to come at the interface of several disciplines that study the world at the tiniest length scales.

The first is quantum technologies, which is seeing exciting developments in areas such as quantum sensing and quantum computing.

Then there is synthetic biology, in which new devices are created and engineered by borrowing tricks from nature and sometimes even engineering or modifying tiny organisms to perform new tasks.

There is also the vast and rapidly developing area of nanotechnology, which involves the manipulation of matter down at the molecular and atomic scale to produce new structures.

This is why the area of quantum biology where I am working is so exciting: if life has evolved the ability to utilise the tricks of the quantum world in the way it manipulates atoms and molecules then we can borrow those tricks.

So, I see a coming together of all these areas into what I call quantum bioengineering.

How do you think nuclear physics, quantum mechanics and quantum biology can be relevant to our daily individual lives? 

Well, the science in these areas is still in its infancy. So it is hard to make predictions or promises about what it might deliver in the way of medical advances in the future.

For example, we have recently discovered that quantum mechanics plays an important role in genetic mutations.

If this is borne out by experimental data then it may have a big role to play in many areas of biology and medicine, from virology to cancer.

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